Preventing Racially Biased Policing through Internal and External Controls
Preventing Racially Biased Policing through Internal and External Controls
The Comprehensive Accountability Package
This chapter outlines how police accountability, transparency, and fairness acts as hedges against racially and ethnically biased policing. It pays attention to the adoption of internal and external controls as means toward departmental accountability—steps that, through their reduction of police misconduct, serve to reduce civil litigation and criminal prosecution, and improve police–community relations. The chapter provides evidence on the efficacy of internal mechanisms such as careful recruitment of personnel, effective training and supervision, administrative guidance, internal affairs, and early warning systems. To this, it adds external controls such as criminal and civil prosecution of misconduct, judicial intervention, special commissions, consent decrees, and citizen/media oversight. It outlines strengths and weaknesses of the various controls and recommends context-specific, comprehensive accountability packages that best speak to specific community needs.
Keywords: police accountability, police transparency, police fairness, racially biased policing, internal controls, external controls, bias, accountability packages
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