This chapter examines psychological theory and research pertaining to children as sexual beings. Childhood sexuality encompasses many issues; self-exploration, biological development, evolutionary psychology, the cultural processes through which kids learn about sex, the cognitions that determine how kids operate sexually, and so forth. The unifying theme throughout this discussion is the recognition of sexual pleasure as the primary reason that humans of all ages engage in some form of sex. The real question, then, is whether the capacity for intense sexual pleasure serves as an entitlement to fundamental sexual rights for kids. The chapter concludes that sexual rights for children must correspond with the onset and psychological significance of pleasure.